The Arduino Pro Micro is cheap (~3$) and perfect for small boards (less than 81 keys). With a little hack though, it can drive a keyboard with up to 100 keys.
Pro Micro & Fio V3 Hookup Guide - SparkFun Learn
What are the Arduino micro and Pro micro board?
diymore Arduino Pro Micro 16MHz 5V with 2-Row Pins Header Module Board ATmega32U4 Module Board Micro USB Pro Micro Development Board Microcontroller : Electronics
Bit-C PRO
Pro Micro: Arduino Pinout - tinkerBOY
Quickpin
Arduino Pro Micro connections pinouts.
Arduino Pro Micro Pinout: Connection Pins for the ATmega32U4-Based Microcontroller
Arduino Pro Micro – Voltaat